The development of technologies to improve water availability and quality involves several advanced treatment methods:
Chemical processes: Used for disinfection, coagulation, and oxidation to remove contaminants.
Membrane processes: Including reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, electrodialysis and nanofiltration, which effectively separate impurities.
Filtration: Mechanical and biological filtration techniques to remove suspended solids and pathogens.
Softening: Reducing water hardness by removing calcium and magnesium ions.
Bio-adsorption: Using biological materials to capture pollutants, such as heavy metals and organic compounds.
Electrocoagulation & flocculation: Enhancing particle aggregation for easier removal of contaminants.
Micropollutant removal: Targeting pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other trace pollutants.
SODIS (Solar Water Disinfection): A simple, sustainable method using sunlight to eliminate pathogens in water.
