Sustainable farming systems in the Algerian Sahara face multiple challenges due to harsh environmental conditions, limited resources, and socio-economic constraints. One of the most critical issues is **water scarcity**. Agriculture in the region depends almost entirely on deep, non-renewable aquifers like the Continental Intercalaire. Over-extraction and inefficient irrigation practices have led to water depletion and increased salinity, threatening long-term agricultural viability.
**Soil degradation** is another major concern. Saharan soils are sandy, low in organic matter, and highly prone to erosion. The expansion of greenhouse farming (plasticulture), especially in areas like El Oued, has intensified the use of chemical fertilizers, leading to soil salinization and reduced fertility. Without proper soil conservation practices, productivity declines over time.
**Climate stressors** such as extreme heat, drought, and strong winds further reduce yields and limit crop diversity. Water-intensive crops like tomatoes and potatoes have replaced traditional varieties, placing additional pressure on fragile ecosystems.
**Socio-economic and institutional barriers** also play a role. Limited access to credit, modern equipment, and technical training restricts the adoption of sustainable practices. Insecure land tenure and weak local governance discourage long-term investments in land and water conservation.
Addressing these constraints requires integrated solutions: improving irrigation efficiency, enriching soils through composting, adopting salt-tolerant crops, and promoting agroecological practices. Strengthening agricultural education, research, and participatory policymaking is essential.
In summary, sustainable farming in the Algerian Sahara demands a balance between ecological preservation and agricultural productivity, supported by inclusive governance and adaptive technologies.
