RIA) New governance models to define best practices for sustainable water management and conflict mitigation.

An independent public organization in 1956, with the aim of “promoting basic and applied scientific research, particularly in industry, agriculture, public health and other sectors of the national economy.” It is the largest institution affiliated to the Ministry of Research in 1956, aiming for about 60% of the total number of scientists working in these institutions. Between the 1960s and 1980s, six departments of the National Research Center developed into independent research institutes:
• The national institute of standards.
• Petroleum research institute.
• Central metallurgical research institute.
•Theodore Bilharz institute.
•Ophthalmology research institute.
•Electronic research institute.
Since its establishment, the NRC has passed through three evolutionary stages:
• The initial stage extending to1968focused on basic sciences research and capacity building.
• The second stage (1968-1973) was characterized by a growing interaction with the production and service sectors
• The third phase (1973-present) focuses on customer-oriented research to serve the specific needs of end-users.
NRC Possesses an impressive scientific & technological infrastructure and manpower resources of 4735 research staff.
•NRC consists of 14 Institutes and 109 Departments covering the major areas of industry, health, environment, agriculture, basic sciences, and engineering.
•NRC Is headed by a president with ministerial status, assisted by two vice presidents, one for research and the other for technical affairs. The minister of state for Scientific Research is the higher president of NRC.
The NR Chas correspond to the country’s key products and services sectors through the research conducted in different areas of science and technology, scientific consultation, and training as well.
The NRC NRC’s mission is to conduct basic and applied research within the major fields of interest in order to develop products and services sectors.

Title: Sustainable bio-adsorbents for removal of pollutants from water and wastewater
Abstract:
Water contamination is a major environmental issue of worldwide concern since diverse pollutants are reaching the aquatic systems due to urbanization and rapid industrialization. The main pollutants in wastewaters are heavy metals, organic matter, phosphorus, hydrocarbons, pathogens and dyes. Dyes are classed as water pollutants with a significant environmental impact. Several industries such as rubber, plastics, textiles, paper, cosmetics, food, leather and mineral processing utilize dyes. The recent strategies focus on development of sustainable adsorbents for removal of pollutants from water and wastewater. Polysaccharides represent a broad class of carbohydrate polymers of different origin, namely plant, animal, and microbial sources, have been extensively employed for constructing adsorption materials due to their intrinsic properties including high adsorptive ability, low cost, renewability, biodegradability, biocompatibility and ease of modification. According to this context, the project aims to the following tasks: management of the commercial polysaccharides such as chitosan, cellulose, bacterial, cellulose derivatives, and alginate in sustainable modification of these polysaccharides to enhance their performance. Utilizing the significant approach of combination of some polyflavonoids with polysaccharides such as tannic acid, Gallic acid through grafting to remove heavy metals is considered as a promising route. Modification of polysaccharides with synthetic polymers such as acrylic based synthetic polymers like methacrylic acid, acrylic acid and acrylamide, which is synthesized through graft copolymerization and crosslinking to enhance the desired properties of polysaccharides-based adsorbents. Designing of a physically cross-linked double-network nanocomposite and superabsorbent water holding capacity nanocomposite hydrogels containing nanostructured components for example, the typical two- dimensional stacked nanosheets, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) to enhance the adsorption capacity and remove cationic dyes from waste water. Due to the unique properties of aerogels properties such as high porosity, low density, high surface area, this project will also focus on development appropriate conditions to tailor aerogels with high mechanical strength and thermal properties from bacterial cellulose and other polysaccharides. Considering to the properties of these bio-adsorbents based on sustainable modified polysaccharides, the characterization and the performance of these bio-adsorbents in removal of pollutants are the major tasks which are contribution of this project target.
The expected outcomes
The expected outcomes are water safety plan is a preventive, risk management approach to ensure water safety. The most effective means of consistently ensuring the safety of a drinking-water supply is through the use of a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that encompasses all steps in water supply from catchment to consumer. Also, wastewater treatment offers a double value proposition, in addition to environmental and health benefits, wastewater treatment can bring economic benefits through reuse in different sectors. Its by-products, such as nutrients and biogas, can be used for agriculture and energy generation. And additional revenues generated from this process can help cover water utilities’ operational and maintenance costs. “In this sense, wastewater should not be considered a ‘waste’ anymore, but a resource. This is at the core of a circular economy, an economic system aimed at minimizing waste and making the most of resources. Wastewater management is that resource recovery and reuse could transform sanitation from a costly service to one that is self-sustaining and adds value to the economy. This will help Countries Bridge the funding gap in sanitation to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

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